Imiquimod 2HCl is a toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist and an immunomodulator with antiviral and antitumor activity.Imiquimod 2HCl can be used to construct a psoriasis-like mouse model, which can be used to study periocular skin cancers, pemphigus foliaceus, and COVID-19 infection.

Rabeximod is a potent immunomodulator that reduces the severity of autoimmune diseases in rat models. Rabeximod inhibits arthritis in a time-dependent manner by stimulating TLR2 and TLR4 downstream to block the activation of inflammatory cells, most likely macrophages. Rabeximod effectively reduces brain antigen presentation in mice during anti-inflammatory therapy for traumatic brain injury.

CU-CPT22 是第一个针对 Toll 样受体 TLR1 和 TLR2 之间复合物的探针。 CU-CPT22 结合在 TLR1 和 TLR2 的界面上 (IC50 = 0.58 μM)。它与合成三酰化脂蛋白 (Pam3CSK4) 竞争与 TLR1/2 的结合（Ki：0.41 μM）。