Potent rat Nav1.7, human Nav1.4 and rat Nav1.6 channel activator (EC50 values are 7, 10 and 47 nM, respectively). Exhibits minimal activation at mammalian Nav1.2, Nav1.3 and Nav1.5 (EC50 values >3 μM). Inhibits fast inactivation on all channels. Increases peak currents at all voltages and stimulates a persistent Na+ current at hNav1.7 channel. Increases hyperpolarization at Nav1.4 and Nav1.6 channels. Induces spontaneous pain in vivo.

dl-Ibuterol hydrochloride (Ibuterol HCl) has vasodilatory activity and can be used to study asthma and bronchospasm.

樟脑是一种双环单萜酮，广泛存在于植物中，特别是樟脑中。