KW-2450 free base is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) and insulin receptor (IR) tyrosine kinases with potential antineoplastic activity. IGF-1R/IR inhibitor KW-2450 free base selectively binds to and inhibits the activities of IGF-1R and IR, which may result in the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and the induction of tumor cell apoptosis. IGF-R1 and IR tyrosine kinases, overexpressed in a variety of human cancers, play significant roles in the stimulation of cellular proliferation, oncogenic transformation, and suppression of apoptosis.

GIP (3-42), human 充当葡萄糖依赖性促胰岛素多肽 (GIP) 受体拮抗剂，在体内调节胰岛素分泌和 GIP 的代谢作用。

HNMPA 是胰岛素受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂，抑制人胰岛素受体的丝氨酸和酪氨酸自磷酸化。