ATP synthase inhibitor 1 is an inhibitor of the c subunit of the F1/FO-ATP synthase complex. It inhibits mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening and does not affect ATP levels.

7,3',4'-Trihydroxyflavone inhibits osteoclastogenesis via the nuclear factor of activated T cells c1. 7,3',4'-Trihydroxyflavone can markedly inhibit the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand-induced osteoclastic differentiation from mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs).

Goniothalamin is a natural product that has been demonstrated to induce apoptosis in various cancer cell lines, can induce cytotoxicity and apoptosis on RT4 cells, induce apoptosis on HepG2 liver cancer cells via induction of caspase-3 with less sensitivity on the cell line of Chang cells.