Lubiprostone is an activator of ClC-2 chloride channels, used in the management of idiopathic chronic constipation.

JC-1 is a fluorescent lipophilic carbocyanine dye. It has been used to measure mitochondrial membrane potential.?JC 1 can be used in a probe for measuring mitochondrial membrane potential by flow cytometry. JC-1 fluorescence is usually excited by the 488?nm laser wavelength common in flow cytometers. JC-1 (2.5?μM) exposed to murine L1210 lymphoblasts, can be detected the presence of both cytoplasmic JC-1 monomer and mitochondrial J-aggregates in these cells.

Apelin-13 is an endogenous ligand of the APJ receptor.Apelin-13 could protect against apoptosis induced by ischemic/reperfusion (I/R).