Forsythoside A 具有抗补体、抗菌、抗炎和抗内毒素活性。

JB-1, an IGF-1 peptide analog, is a selective and potent IGF-1R antagonist. JB-1 competes with IGF-1 by binding the IGF-1 receptor. JB-1 prevents the autophosphorylation of IGF-1R, and has no activity in IGF-II.

Lactitol (D-Lactitol) 是乳果糖的糖类似物, 有潜力用于便秘和肝性脑病的研究。Lactitol是糖醇, 用作替代甜味剂。