Inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC) ζ; attached to cell permeabilisation Antennapedia domain vector peptide. Consists of amino acids 113 - 129 of PKC ζ pseudosubstrate domain linked by a disulphide bridge to the Antennapedia domain vector peptide. The Antennapedia peptide is actively taken up by intact cells, at 4 or 37°C, ensuring rapid and effective uptake of the inhibitor peptide. Once inside the cell, the disulphide bonds are subjected to reduction in the cytoplasm leading to release of the inhibitor peptide. Induces mast cell degranulation by a PKC ζ-independent pathway.

DOTMA 是一种阳离子脂类，被用作基因治疗的非病毒载体。DOTMA 作为脂质体的成分用于封装 siRNA、microRNA 和寡核苷酸，并用于体外基因转染。DOTMA 通过诱导脂质体上的正电荷，促进脂质体与细胞膜的有效相互作用。DOTMA 在体外和体内均表现出良好的基因转染效果。

3-甲基丁酸是一种天然存在的芳香化合物，存在于巴特利特梨白兰地、香草豆、油菜蜂蜜和香蕉中。