2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4(1H)-Quinolone (Pseudomonas Quinolone Signal) is a quorum-sensing signalling molecule produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in response to increased cell density. It increases the expression of the lasB gene in P. aeruginosa, the secretion of the metabolites pyocyanin and the lectin PA-IL, as well as increasing biofilm production in P. aeruginosa populations. It also reduces the iron content of the P. aeruginosa growth medium when used at a concentration of 40 μM and acts as an iron chelator in iron sulphate solutions.

Tricetin is a flavonoid isolated from pomegranate.

依地酸是一种常用于蛋白质纯化的螯合剂，既可以消除污染的二价阳离子，又可以抑制蛋白酶活性。