E-3030 free acid is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonist. E-3030 decreased blood glucose, triglyceride, non-esterified fatty acids, and insulin levels and increased blood adiponectin levels. Triglyceride- and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol-lowering actions of E-3030 involve combined effects on reduction of apo C-III and elevation of lipoprotein lipase, resulting in increased lipolysis.

NPB 是一种有效的 BAD 磷酸化抑制剂（Ser99，IC50 为 0.41 μM）。

BCAT-IN-2 is an orally active and selective inhibitor of mitochondrial branched-chain aminotransferase (BCATm), inhibits BCATm and BCATc, and is used in obesity and dyslipidemia.