TAT 2-4 is a peptide derived from HIV-1 transactivator of transcription (Tat) protein.The HIV Tat-derived peptide is a small basic peptide that has been successfully shown to deliver a large variety of cargoes, from small particles to proteins, peptides and nucleic acids.

Daphnin is one of the main coumarin bioactive ingredients with antibacterial activity. Daphnine is isolated from the entire Daphne fragrance, which is a folk medicine used in China to relieve fever.

N-(β-酮己酰基)-L-高丝氨酸内酯是群体调节感应的组成部分，也是 P. fischeri 荧光素酶的自诱导剂。