Selective and competitive urotensin-II (UT) receptor antagonist (pKB = 8.3). Blocks hU-II induced contractions in thoracic aorta ex vivo. Exhibits no effect on noradrenaline or endothelin 1-induced contraction or on acetylcholine-induced relaxation. Behaves as a partial agonist in a calcium mobilization assay (in CHO cells expressing hUT receptors).

Endogenous peptide agonist of Mas related GPR X2 (MRGPRX2, EC50 = 251 nM). Also a noncompetitive nicotinic cholinergic antagonist. Inhibits nicotine-stimulated catecholamine secretion from PC12 cells in vitro, and from sympathetic nerve endings and adrenal chromaffin cells in vivo. Corresponds to amino acids 1 - 20 of proadrenomedullin. Antihypertensive.

β-D-glucan 是一种天然的不易消化的多糖，具有很高的生物相容性，可被识别受体，如 Dectin-1 和 Toll 样受体选择性识别，并容易被鼠或人巨噬细胞内化。β-D-glucan 是益生菌的肠道输送载体。