This is a hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1 a) 19-mer fragment. HIF-1 functions as master regulator of response to oxygen homeostasis. Hypoxia-induced gene expression is initiated when HIF-1 subunit is stabilized in response to a lack of oxygen. This part of HIF-1 binds to the von Hippel-Lindau factor (VHL) an E3 ubiquitin ligase, and the proline 564 is absolutely critical to the binding process.

γ-Asarone 是一种苯丙烯，与抗氧化、抗炎和神经营养作用有很强的相关性。

2-氨基-3-羟基吡啶作为显色试剂，用于分光光度法测定锇。