Cell-permeable calmodulin (CaM) agonist that binds to the EF-hand/Ca2+-binding site; produces CaM-dependent activation of phosphodiesterase. Also binds to cytoplasmic sites on other Ca2+ channels, including NMDA and HIV-1 gp120-activated channels, inhibiting Ca2+-mediated cytotoxicity and apoptosis (IC50 = 52 μM). Shown to protect pancreatic acinar cells from gossypol induced necrosis. Inhibits VLA-5-mediated adhesion of mast cells to fibronectin in vitro and attenuates inflammatory cell influx in guinea pig lung in vivo.

Loperamide oxide (R 58425) is a secreted antidiarrheal agent that increases peristalsis and inhibits intestinal absorption of water and ions and is used in the study of chronic diarrhea in patients with Crohn's disease.

Chrysophanol triglucoside 是一种从决明子中分离出的蒽醌类化合物，可抑制蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶 1B (PTP1B) 和 α-glucosidase，IC50 值分别为80.17 和 197.06 μM。Chrysophanol triglucoside 具有糖尿病研究的潜力。