Fibrinopeptide A, human is a 16-residue short polypeptide cleaved from fibrinogen by thrombin. Fibrinopeptide A (FPA) is produced from the N-terminal Aα region of fibrinogen protein, on cleavage by thrombin.

2-MNG (2-Mercaptonicotinoyl glycine) acts as an inhibitor of melanin production, displaying an average IC50 of 49.5μM in normal human melanocytes. It binds to melanin precursors, preventing their incorporation into growing melanin which results in the inhibition of eumelanin and pheomelanin synthesis. Additionally, 2-MNG can be used in studies related to skin pigmentation disorders.

艾曲波帕乙醇胺是艾曲波帕的口服活性乙醇胺盐，艾曲波帕是一种小分子非肽血小板生成素受体激动剂，具有巨核细胞生成刺激活性。