15-Hydroxypentadecanoic acid 是一种长链脂肪酸，存在于各种植物和动物来源，也可由细菌和真菌产生。它具有潜在的健康益处，可用作合成其他有机化合物（包括药物、农用化学品和表面活性剂）的中间体。其独特的化学特性使其成为多种工业过程中必不可少的成分，尤其是在食品科学和营养学领域。

PTD-p65-P1 Peptide is a nuclear transcription factor NF-kappaB inhibitor, composed of a membrane-translocating peptide sequence generated from antennapedia (PTD) conjugated with p65-P1, which selectively inhibits activation induced by various inflammatory stimuli. PTD-p65-P1 suppressed NF-kappaB activation induced by lipopolysaccharide, interleukin-1, okadaic acid, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, H(2)O(2), and cigarette smoke condensate as well as that induced by TNF.

Gymnoside III 是来自 Gymnadenia conopsea 的天然产物。