Human LL-37 is a 37 amino acid cationic (6+) peptide and has been widely studied. LL-37 penetrates the bacterial membrane and forms pores in the membrane.

NSC 122393 is a fluorescent dye that inhibits the interaction between Bax and Bcl-X and induces apoptosis in Bcl-X overexpressing breast cancer cells.

1,5-二苯基吡唑-3-羧酸是植物生理上可耐受的盐基或任何所需的酯基。