2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4(1H)-Quinolone (Pseudomonas Quinolone Signal) is a quorum-sensing signalling molecule produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in response to increased cell density. It increases the expression of the lasB gene in P. aeruginosa, the secretion of the metabolites pyocyanin and the lectin PA-IL, as well as increasing biofilm production in P. aeruginosa populations. It also reduces the iron content of the P. aeruginosa growth medium when used at a concentration of 40 μM and acts as an iron chelator in iron sulphate solutions.

Crocin IV (Dicrocin) 是一种藏红花苷糖苷，一种类胡萝卜素色素。Crocin IV 具有强大的抗氧化活性。

Elezanumab (ABT-555; AE12-1Y-QL) 是一种人单克隆抗体，可选择性靶向排斥性引导分子 A (RGMa)。Elezanumab 通过 SMAD1/5/8 通路有效抑制 RGMa 介导的 BMP 信号传导，IC50 约为 97 pM。Elezanumab 促进神经元损伤和脱髓鞘模型中的神经再生和神经保护作用，可结合 N 末端 RGMa、阻断 BMP 信号传导并缺乏 RGMc 交叉反应性。Elezanumab 具有神经再生和神经保护活性，对铁代谢没有影响。