This is a hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1 a) 19-mer fragment. HIF-1 functions as master regulator of response to oxygen homeostasis. Hypoxia-induced gene expression is initiated when HIF-1 subunit is stabilized in response to a lack of oxygen. This part of HIF-1 binds to the von Hippel-Lindau factor (VHL) an E3 ubiquitin ligase, and the proline 564 is absolutely critical to the binding process.

TNF-α (10-36), human is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in the acute phase stress response.

L 012 sodium salt 是一种基于 luminol 的化学发光 (CL) 探针，在体内外广泛用于检测 NADPH 氧化酶 (Nox) 衍生的超氧化物 (O2??) 并确定 Nox 抑制剂。