Levobupivacaine HCl 是布比卡因的纯 S(-)-对映体，是一种可逆性神经元钠通道抑制剂，用作长效局部麻醉剂。

Acid-sensing ion channel 3 (ASIC3) channel blocker (IC50 values are 63 and 175 nM for homomeric rat and human ASIC3 channels). Also inhibits NaV1.8 and NaV1.2 channels (IC50 values are 55 and 114 nM respectively). Demonstrates analgesic properties against acid-induced and inflammatory pain.

Vernakalant hydrochloride 是一种混合电压和频率依赖性的 Na+ 和 K+ 通道阻断剂。Vernakalant 抑制 Kv1.5 channelwt，Kv1.5 channelI508F，Kv1.5 channelT479A，IC50 分别为 13.35±0.93 μM。