Thioredoxin reductase peptide corresponds to residues 53–67 in thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), used in thioredoxin reductase research.Mammalian thioredoxin reductase (TR) catalyzes the reduction of the redox-active disulfide bond of thioredoxin (Trx) and is similar in structure and mechanism to glutathione reductase except for a C-terminal 16-amino acid extension containing a rare vicinal selenylsulfide bond.

5-methylnonan-5-ol (5-methyl-5-nonanol) is an intermediate in the production of 5-nonanol-5-methyl-5-methacrylate and is a volatile substance in the endophyte MC_25L of orange leaves.

甲基琥珀酸是人体体液中的正常代谢物。尿液中甲基琥珀酸（连同乙基丙二酸）水平升高是乙基丙二酸脑病的主要生化可测量特征，乙基丙二酸脑病是一种罕见的代谢性疾病，具有常染色体隐性遗传模式，临床特征为神经运动迟缓、高乳酸血症、复发性瘀点、体位性手足发绀、和慢性腹泻。