Apelin biased agonist; exhibits bias for the G protein pathway. Stimulates endothelial NOS phosphorylation and expression, promotes proliferation, and attenuates apoptosis of human pulmonary arterial endothelial cells in vitro. Shows positive inotropic and vasodilatory effects in vivo and improves cardiac structure and function in a model of pulmonary arterial hypertension.

BT18 是一种模拟物，其功能与胶质细胞源性神经营养因子 (GDNF) 相似。

Lactupicrin is a characteristic bitter sesquiterpene lactone that can relieve pain. Lactupicrin exhibits atheroprotective effect.