反油酸是油酸的9-反式异构体。它是一种单不饱和反式脂肪酸，存在于部分氢化的食用油中。

Tuftsin diacetate, a tetrapeptide, is a macrophage/microglial activator. Tuftsin is a tetrapeptide, Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg, which resides in the Fc-domain of the heavy chain of immunoglobulin G. Tuftsin possesses a broad spectrum of activities related primarily to the immune system function and exerts on phagocytic cells, notably on macrophages.

三磷酸腺苷是含有三个与糖部分酯化的磷酸基团的腺嘌呤核苷酸。