Isoferulic acid is an effective natural antioxidant in both lipid and aqueous media, it may be a new promising anti-glycation agent for the prevention of diabetic complications via inhibition of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation and oxidation-dependent protein damage.

Cyclo(Pro-Gly) is an active metabolite of piracetam-N-phenylacetyl-L-prolylglycine (GWS-111), it shows a greater resistance to an enzymatic effect than natural neuropeptides. Cyclo-(Gly-Pro) shows cytotoxicity at the concentration of 10 umol/L, it inhibits the growth of Bacillus subtilis with the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 0.8, 0.8 g/L.

7-酮脱氧胆酸是由乳杆菌和双歧杆菌在特定条件下和胆酸在体外转化而成。