ASC-JM-17 is an activator of both Nrf1 and Nrf2 proteins. ASC-JM17 acts on Nrf1, Nrf2 and Hsf1 to increase the expression of proteasome subunits, antioxidant enzymes and molecular chaperones. ASC-JM17 ameliorates toxicity of the mutant androgen receptor (AR) responsible for SBMA in cell, fly and mouse models. Knockdown of the Drosophila Nrf1 and Nrf2 ortholog cap ‘n’ collar isoform-C, but not Hsf1, blocks the protective effect of ASC-JM17 on mutant AR-induced eye degeneration in flies.

Exendin-3 is a biologically active peptides isolated from venoms of the Gila monster lizards, Heloderma horridurn . Exendin-3 is a pancreatic secretagogue, which is a member of the glucagon family. It is found in the venom of Heloderma horridurn, which is a Gila monster lizard.

6-Methylheptanoic acid (6-methyl-heptanoic acid) is orally toxic and is involved in the synthesis of polymyxin B and colistin hapten PMB-A.