3-Hydroxyisovaleric acid 是尿液中排泄的正常内源性代谢产物 (endogenous metabolite)。3-Hydroxyisovaleric acid 的尿排泄是生物素缺乏的早期和敏感指标。

(2S)-6-methylhept-5-en-2-ol ((S)-(+)-6-Methyl-5-Hepten-2-OL) is a pheromone component of Cerambycid beetles in the Lamiinae subfamily. The S configuration of 6-methylhept-5-en-2-o is inactive, and only the mixture of S and R configurations is active.

3,4,5-Tricaffeoylquinic acid may attenuate the TNF-α±- and LPS-stimulated production of inflammatory mediators in keratinocytes by suppressing the Toll-like receptor 4 expression-mediated activation of the Akt, ERK and NF-κB pathways, it may exert an inhibitory effect against the pro-inflammatory mediator-induced skin disease.