Sesamoside has antinociceptive activity.

Crenulatin has dual- direction effects on apoptosis of cerebral microvascular endothelial cells, inhibitive effect in 25 mg/L and stimulative effect in 100 mg/L group, respectively; the mechanism is related to the alterations of Fas/Bcl-2 expression and caspase-3 activity.

6-Feruloylcatalpol is a natural product of Picrorhiza, Plantaginaceae. 6-Feruloylcatalpol can be used as a reference standard.