Trachelogenin, an HCV entry inhibitor, has antiproliferative effects, and its mechanism is related to affecting the phosphorylation of key proteins in the β-Catenin signaling pathway, such as β-Catenin, c-Myc, and GSK3, in a concentration-dependent manner.

Methyl nomilinate from citrus can modulate cell cycle regulators to induce cytotoxicity in human colon cancer (SW480) cells in vitro.

Tartrazine is a food additive that belongs to a class of artificial dyes and contains an azo group.