Methyl nomilinate from citrus can modulate cell cycle regulators to induce cytotoxicity in human colon cancer (SW480) cells in vitro.

A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.

Orexin A human, rat, mouse, a 33 amino acid excitatory neuropeptide, orchestrates diverse central and peripheral processes. Orexin A human, rat, mouse has been used to study its effect on the functioning of porcine pancreatic islets. It has also been used as an orexin receptor 1 (OX1R) antagonist to study the effect of orexin systems in the effect of etonogestrel on respiratory response to prolonged metabolic acidosis.