Lactoferrin is secreted by mammals and displays extensive biological effects including boosting the cold tolerance of a well-applied probiotic strain.

N6-Isopentenyladenosine, an end product of the mevalonate pathway, is an autophagy inhibitor with anti-melanoma activity. N6-Isopentenyladenosine, an RNA modification found in cytokinins, regulates plant growth/differentiation and improves the efficiency

2-Methylbutanal belongs to the class of organic compounds known as short-chain aldehydes.