UDP-a-D-Galactose disodium salt is a donor substrate for galactosyltransferases employed in the biosynthesis of galactose-containing oligosaccharides.

1-(1-Naphthyl) piperazine hydrochloride is a serotonergic ligand which could bind nonselectively with multiple serotonin (5-HT) receptors.

Isocarlinoside, L-malic acid, trans-aconitic acid, (+)-isocitric acid , 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 2"-O-rhamnosylisoorientin, and 7-O-(2"-O-glucuronosyl)glucuronosyltricin showed high antifeeding activity against brown planthopper only when they were combined.