Guanidinoacetic acid, a precursor of creatine, is a replacement of dietary arginine and could support overall energy homeostasis of the bird.

Glucoraphanin, a natural glucosinolate found in cruciferous vegetable, is a stable precursor of the Nrf2 inducer sulforaphane, which possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic effects.

Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) is a nucleoside analog that competes with thymidine for incorporation into DNA, and used in the detection of proliferating cells.