Cytosine is a pyrimidine base that is a fundamental unit of nucleic acids. The deamination of cytosine alone is apparent and the nucleotide of cytosine is the prime mutagenic nucleotide in leukaemia and cancer.

5'-Deoxyadenosine is an oxidized nucleoside found in the urine of normal subjects.

Lignoceric Acid is a 24-carbon saturated (24:0) fatty acid and a by-product of lignin production, which is synthesized in the developing brain.