Cyclo(Pro-Pro) tasted bitter.Verpacamides A-D, a sequence of C11N5 diketopiperazines relating cyclo(Pro-Pro) to cyclo(Pro-Arg), from the marine sponge Axinella vaceleti is possible biogenetic precursors of pyrrole-2-aminoimidazole alkaloids.

Trans-caffeic acid stearyl ester is posited to inhibit melanogenesis signaling while suppressing cAMP levels and, subsequently, MC1R, MITF, tyrosinase, TRP-2 and TRP-1 down-regulation, resulting in the suppression of tyrosinase activity, DOPA oxidase activity and melanin synthesis.

D-四氢延胡索乙素是一种有机阳离子转运蛋白1（OCT1）抑制剂，能明显抑制MDCK-hOCT1细胞和分离大鼠原代肝细胞对野百合碱（MCT）的摄取，并减轻原代培养大鼠肝细胞的活力降低和LDH释放由MCT引起。