4-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid is an abnormal metabolite that arises from the incomplete breakdown of branched-chain amino acids.

Methyl nomilinate from citrus can modulate cell cycle regulators to induce cytotoxicity in human colon cancer (SW480) cells in vitro.

Diclofenac potassium is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug taken to reduce inflammation and as an analgesic reducing pain in certain conditions.