γ-Glu-Phe (γ-Glutamylphenylalanine) is a γ-3 glutamyl dipeptide found in sourdough.it is synthesized by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (GBA) and Aspergillus oryzae (GAO). γ-Glu-Phe or the post-enzymatic reaction mixture enhances the umami intensity of commercial soy sauce and model chicken broth.

4-Methoxycinnamic acid is an unusual phenylpropanoid involved in phenylphenalenone biosynthesis in Anigozanthos preissi.

1-Methyl-6-oxo-16-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamide is one of the end degradation products of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD).