β-D-glucan 是一种天然的不易消化的多糖，具有很高的生物相容性，可被识别受体，如 Dectin-1 和 Toll 样受体选择性识别，并容易被鼠或人巨噬细胞内化。β-D-glucan 是益生菌的肠道输送载体。

2'-Hydroxychalcone is a drug synthesis intermediate for the synthesis of flavonoids. 2'-Hydroxychalcone loaded in nanoemulsion showed fungicidal activity against Coccidioides parapsilosis in Danio rerio model.2'-Hydroxychalcone induced cytotoxicity through oxidative stress in lipid-loaded Hepg2 cells.2'-Hydroxychalcone inhibited the induction of ICAM-1, VCAM-α, tumor necrosis factor-α, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha as determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction determined by tumor necrosis factor-alpha induces steady-state transcript levels of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin, and therefore may interfere with the transcription of their genes.

Arctiin(NSC 315527) 是一种可以从牛蒡种子中提取的植物木酚素，是一种可能的环境内分泌干扰物化合物，并已被证明会影响性激素代谢以及蛋白质合成、类固醇生物合成。